MONETARY POLICIES are one of the important instruments of the economic demand management and –are much important in policy making decisions. In this direction, determination the rule of MONETARY policy making and discretion of expansionary and, contractionary MONETARY POLICIES are also important for policy makers and economists.In this paper, in addition to analysis of Taylor MONETARY policy making Rule, has introduced new index for separating of MONETARY policy, MONETARY condition index. This index combination of variation of real interest rate and real exchange rate relative to base year and positive variations of this index, denote contractionary MONETARY policy and negative variations shows that MONETARY policy is expansionary. In this essay, MONETARY condition index has calculated using annual Iran economy time series data, from 1352-1385 and in according to it, accomplished expansionary and contractionary MONETARY POLICIES has been separated.

The Purpose of the present paper is to determine the optimum quantitative fiscal POLICIES and their impacts on macroeconomic variables of Iran in the absence of any active MONETARY tool during 2001-2005. To do so, the authors have used Stochastic Optimum Control Algorithm (OPTCON): in this method, a dynamic programming and Bellman equations were used in order to minimize sequences of deviations between the actual and targeted values of macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, inflation, rate, unemployment rate, the rate of budget deficit to GDP and the trade balance by a dynamic macro-econometric equation system. The Optimization results shows that under the fixed and crawling peg exchange regimes in which MONETARY POLICIES are endogenous and inactive, the optimum fiscal POLICIES are more expansionary than proposed values in the third economic plan. Also in the absence of MONETARY policy accommodation, the variables such as unemployment rate, budget deficit, and the inflation rate are badly suffered. Based on the finding of the paper the usage of a flexible exchange system and also the effective accommodation of MONETARY POLICIES are recommended for the 4th Iranian development plan (2005-2009).

The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction of MONETARY and fiscal POLICIES in the Iranian economy. The study was conducted using a new Keynesian dynamic general equilibrium model with sticky prices and imperfect competition assumptions. The policy makers’ reaction functions were determined by optimizing objective functions for each economic condition. The model parameters were estimated using the Bayesian estimation method and the Dynare software. The findings show that a MONETARY policy has a pro-cyclical behavior while a MONETARY policy is counter-cyclical. Also, the fiscal leadership hypothesis is accepted in Iran. It was also demonstrated that the central bank focuses on the stabilization of inflation while the government simultaneously stabilizes the inflation and production. According to the results, MONETARY and fiscal POLICIES in Iran are strategic substitutes. In addition, MONETARY POLICIES can be more effective than fiscal ones in stabilizing economic fluctuations.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of uncertainty in MONETARY POLICIES on the synchronicity of company’, s stock prices. The statistical population of the research consists of all the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2019, of which 118 companies have been studied as a statistical sample of the research. The research data were analyzed using regression models using the pooled data method. In order to measure the uncertainty in MONETARY POLICIES, two methods based on the entropy of exchange rate values and also fitting the GARCH heterogeneous variance model were used. The findings of the regression models showed that the increase in uncertainty in the MONETARY POLICIES of each period under both the entropy criteria and the GARCH model has an adverse effect on the synchronicity of the stock prices in the future period. Therefore, the degree of stock prices synchronicity in each period can be predicted by relying on the uncertainty of MONETARY POLICIES of the past period and the company's financial ratios. Also, the results showed that managers' strategies in order to reduce the debt ratio, increase cash retention and under investment to deal with the uncertainty caused by MONETARY POLICIES, have a moderating effect on the relationship between this uncertainty and price synchronicity and strengthen the size of its effect on the synchronicity of the stock prices in the future period.

This study examines the impact of MONETARY policy shocks on the exchange rate and their effects on the import price index in Iran using a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model over the period 1980–2020. Three regression equations are proposed to analyze these relationships. The estimation results of the first model indicate that the free exchange rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) exert the most significant shocks on the import price index. While the impact of exchange rate shocks diminishes over time, the effect of GDP shocks increases, particularly approaching the 10th year. In the second model, which incorporates the ratio of money supply to GDP, findings confirm that in the second year, the free exchange rate exerts the highest shock on the import price index, accounting for 14.79642% of the variance. In subsequent years, the free exchange rate and GDP remain the primary drivers of fluctuations in the import price index. Over time, the exchange rate's influence slightly decreases, whereas the impact of GDP strengthens. The third model, which includes the liquidity-to-GDP ratio, further supports these findings, revealing that the free exchange rate and import levels contribute most significantly to variations in the import price index. The results underscore the dominant role of the free exchange rate and GDP in shaping import price fluctuations, with MONETARY policy shocks influencing their relative impacts over time.

Discretionary POLICIES, lead to the expectations traps and multiple equilibria in economy, which could be the most important causes of persistent inflation. This study by using a micro foundation general equilibrium investigates expectations traps of discretionary MONETARY policy in dominant fiscal policy condition. Our calibrated model shows that the interest rate in these conditions is about 2.5 times greater than the rate of interest achieved by the assumption of independent MONETARY policy. This result shows the amount of effect of taking advantage of discretionary MONETARY policy, with the aim of achieving government budget, on increasing the equilibrium interest rate. This increase consequently raises the equilibrium inflation rate and results in persistent inflation traps in the economy. The model was also calibrated using data from Iran. The results show that equilibrium of Iran's economy will be achieved at the interest rate of 12%. In other words, in the interest rate of less than 12%, the benefit of inflation is more than the cost of inflation distortion.

Providing of food products for increasing population, enhancing food security, increasing of production and foreign incomes are among the major program purposes of each country and MONETARY POLICIES are one of the methods that immediately affected on food price and on major agriculture variables. Time series analysis was used for studying the impacts of MONETARY POLICIES effect on food price index (FPI) in 1373-2006 in this investigation. For this purpose, money supply, exchange rate and interest rate variables were used for representation of MONETARY policy variables. ARDL method was used for estimation of this model. Results showed that was a long-run and positive linkage between MONETARY policy variables and food price index (FPI) that is expectable theoretically. Also government by using of MONETARY POLICIES can control of food price index (FPI) and supporting of food security. Results obtained from error correction model showed that great speed was toward long-run equilibrium.

Nowadays, the economists are worrying about inappropriate income distribution and consequently, poverty, rather than wealth. Income distribution is a main element in current societies, and approximately all of the economists express that one of the most important aims and tasks of Governments is income distribution. This research concerns about effects of MONETARY POLICIES on income distribution in Iran. We analyzed the data by means of vector auto regressive (VAR) model, and the final results show that there are differences between the impacts of MONETARY POLICIES on income distribution in short-, medium- and long term in Iran. The expansion of money volume as a measure for monetray policy does not immediately result in increasing income inequality, however the intesifying effects of expantionary monetrary policy begins after second period and continues in the next terms.